OFFICIAL RULES                     RULE 5 SERIES OF DOWNS, ZONE TO GAIN, POSSESSION AFTER PENALTY                     PAGE 23

SECTION 1 --  A SERIES OF DOWNS
Article 1 - A Down as a Unit. 
A down is a unit of a game which starts with a snap of the ball for a scrimmage-play or protected-kick, and ends when the ball becomes dead.  Betweendowns is any period of time whe the ball is dead.

Article 2 - Series of Downs.  A team, in possession of the ball, shall have four consecutive downs to advance the ball, as allowed by Rule in scrimmage plays, to or beyond the line-to-gain of the next zone.  Any down may be repeated as provided by Rule.  In some leagues, because of special Rule applications and requirements to be met by a team in each series of downs, the provision of automatic renewal of possession by advance in zones of the ball within four-downs is not automatic if all Rule provisions are not met.

SECTION 2 --  ZONES TO GAIN.

Article 1 - Zone Line to Gain.  The line to gain in any series of downs shall be the zone in advance of the ball, unless distance has been lost due to penalty or failure to gain.  In such cases, the original zone in advance of the ball at the beginning of a series of downs shall be the line-to-gain.

Article 2 - Marking the Zone to Gain and Marking the Down in a Series.  A set of ground-arrows will be deployed with a down-box on the home-team sideline and staffed on a continuing basis by two sideline-assistants supplied by that home-team during the course of an entire game.  One ground-arrow will be placed at the spot where a series of downs was begun and remain unmoved for that series of downs.  The second ground-arrow will be placed at the sideline intersection of the yard-line that marks the start of the next zone in advance of the first ground-arrow and will remain unmoved for the duration of the series of downs.  The down-box will be moved as directed by the Head Linesman to follow the progress of the ball in a down series and maintain a current and correct visible record of the down then played.

Failure by the home-team to have sideline assistants fully and properly vested before each half or at any time during the game; failure to promptly man the down-box or ground-arrows; unauthorized movement of the down-box or ground-arrows without direction of game referees; and, any attempt to change the location of any sideline arrow or down-box to influence game play is subject to warning, an escalating pattern of delay penalties and possible forfeit of the game.

Article 3 - Measurement of Distance.  The most forward point of the ball when declared dead between the goal-lines, and after it has been adjusted by the game officials so its length axis is set parallel to the sidelines and at a right-angle to a yard-line, shall be the determining point in establishing distance gained or lost on a down.  When a question exists as to the accuracy of field-lines, the referee may measure by stride the appropriate distances between the spot where a down series began and the spot the ball was advanced with such physical measurement to be final.

Article 4 - Awarding a New Series of Downs.  A new series of downs shall be awarded a team when it has moved the ball into the next zone of play or beyond this zone, met all Rule requirements if the league in question has special participatory requirements, and, done so without penalty.

Team A will receive a new series of downs when Team B fouls or violations carry penalties of 10 or more yards regardless of the yardage faced in a series of downs, or, when Team B is guilty of any pass-interference no matter the yardage faced by Team A in the down series.

SECTION 3 --  DOWN AND POSSESSION AFTER A PENALTY.  No Rule decision shall be changed by the referees after the ball is legally snapped or kicked for a following down.  All current NCAA Rule provisions apply on down and possession after a penalty.